(formerly called Blechnum capense) - fern spore - looks like a beret

Further information

THE VEGETATION OF SUBANTARCTIC CAMPBELL ISLAND

Summary: The vegetation of Campbell Island and its offshore islets was sampled quantitatively at 140 sites. 124 vascular species were recorded. 85 non-vascular plant species (mosses, liverworts, algae, lichens) also play a major role in the vegetation.

We found 21 plant communities. These include: maritime crusts, turfs, mega-herbfields, tussock grasslands, and shrublands; mid-elevation swamps, flushes, bogs, tussock grasslands, shrublands, dwarf forests, and induced meadows; and upland tundra-like tussock grasslands, tall and short turf-herbfields, bogs, flushes, rock-ledge herbfields, and fellfields.

Axis 1 of the DCA ordination is largely a soil gradient related to the eutrophying impact of marine spray, sea mammals and birds, and nutrient flushing.
Axis 2 is an altitude (or temperature) gradient.
Axis 3 is related to soil reaction and to different kinds of animal influence on vegetation stature and species richness.
Axis 4 also appears to have fertility and animal associations.
We found clear niche segregation of species of the same genus and species with similar growth forms. The notable mega-herbs and giant tussocks may be an adaptation to harvesting nutrients from the sea spray. Heat harvesting in the cool, cloudy, wet, and windy climate may also be an influence. The history of farming and natural disturbances has resulted in a complex mosaic of vegetation-soil systems of varying maturity.
https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/1955.pdf