NEW ZEALAND
HAKA TA*PARAHI
Kura Tīwaka Tāua
Ancient
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This East Coast chant uses an ancient paddling song of the Takitimu voyagers. This tukiwaka, or takitaki-hoe-waka, is a good example of rhythmic waka chants, with their regular beats and frequent repetitions. It is used nowadays as a haka taparahi to promote or pay tribute to cooperative effort.



Recorded at the Investiture of Lt Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu VC, Ruatoria, 1943,

with the performers abbreviating some words, but with great audience interaction.

   Whakaara
Ma konei ake au!
Titaha ake ai, hai?
Me kore e tutaki?
He pūpū karikawa,

he
pūpū harerorero, hi?
Ka tikoki!
Ka tahuri!
Ka tikoki!
Ka tahuri!
Ka tahuri ra Nui Tireni,
I au, au au!

   Warming up
Let me get going this way!
Always going sideways, eh?
Maybe I'll meet you then?
A big fat sea snail
a sea snail poking out his tongue, eh?

It's losing it's balance!
It's going to capsize!
It's tipping over!
It's capsized! -
New Zealand has capsized!
Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!

Pūpū karikawa
is the Toitoi or Cook's Turban Shell, living on rocks just below the water line. In 1970, I spent a day with Fijian villagers gathering these, then boiling them in a kettle on the beach and eating them. Delicious! They sold the shells for the manufacture of shirt buttons.

    Taparahi
Papā te whatitiri,
hikohiko te uira,
I kanapu ki te rangi;
i whetuki i raro ra.
Rū ana te whenua, e!


E, i aha tērā e?
Ko te werohanga A Porourangi

i te Ika a Maui e takoto nei!
A ha ha!
Kia anga tiraha ra t
ō puku
ki runga ra!
A ha ha!
Kia eke mai o iwi ki runga
ki To tuatua werowero ai e ha!
I aue, taukuri, e!

    Ceremonial haka
The thunder crashes,
the lightning flashes,
it illuminates the heavens,
and hammers downward.
The land is forever shaking, wow!

What is that, eh?
Porourangi has pierced
the Fish of Maui lying beneath us!

A ha ha!
So it is your belly,
upturned and laid bare !
A ha ha!
So that your people may mount
And spear you! A ha ha!

Ee! Alas, oh dear, yes!



Porourangi
was the founder of the Ngati Porou people, and the Fish of Maui is the North Island. Porourangi was one of the first to cultivate the soil of the North Island.
Tena rā, e tama, tu ake ki runga ra
Ki te hautu i ohou waka, i a Horouta,
Takitimu, e takoto nei!

A ha ha!

Ara! he tia, he tia, he tia,
Ara! he ranga, he ranga, he ranga,
Whakarere iho te kakau o te hoe

Kō a manini tua, i manini aro

I tangi te kura;
 
i tangi wiwini.
I tangi te kura; i tangi wawa
wa
Now then, my son, take your stand to direct
and to urge on your canoes, Horouta,
Takitimu, drawn up here!

A ha ha!

A deep stroke, deep stroke, deep stroke!
A quick stroke,
quick stroke, quick stroke!
Strike the handle of the paddle downwards,
Dig smoothly back, then smoothly forward.
The
autumn godwit cried; it cried fearfully.
The
migrating godwit cried; it cried fiercely.

Tena ra, e tama...  At the posthumus investiture of Lt. Ngarimu VC in 1943, this was modified to Tena ra, Moananui...

Whakarere....wawawa
. These last four lines are from the karakia Taikehu chanted after the Tainui left Rarotonga, and they are also used in the oriori Pō! Pō! with some modifications. The fly-away lost kumara digging stick Maninikura of Pō Pō is here a paddle flying down, striking the water pleasantly. And the fearfully crying treasured baby is now a red-breasted godwit fearfully contemplating its 10,000 km non-stop flight cross the Pacific.

Kura 1. The Takitimu people's Tahitian ancestors sailed hundreds of kilometres to the Cook Islands to catch Kura, red breasted lorikeets whose feathers were treasured by them as red onamentation on the finely woven loincloths of their kings. Because red feathers were rare, these maro kura were small and lightweight treasures. Big heavy treasures that weighed down (tao) a sailing vessel were called tao-nga.

Kura 2. Chestnut-red breast feathers appear on mature godwits, or Kuaka, in autumn when they are about to depart on their high-speed and fearfully long-distance breeding flight to Siberia, and these reddish birds are also called Kura. When there was no wind, the Society Islanders paddled large canoes long distances between islands across the open ocean, at high speed, just like the red-breasted Kura flying overhead.
 
Kura 3. After Polynesians brought this chant to New Zealand, where greenstone for making fine chisels enabled the creation of elaborate carving, carved waka became treasures, but they were taonga, not kura.
Nowadays the meaning of kura in this haka is transferred to metaphorical 'paddling,' or the treasured spirit of cooperative effort that gets people places.

wawawa is not in any dictionary I have access to, but wawaa is a loud rumbling, which could refer to the sound of hundreds of migrating birds taking to the sky simultaneously.

Tērā, te haeata takiri ana mai
I runga o mata tērā

 
Anā whai uru, whai uru, whai uru
Anā whāia tō wia tō, whāia tō!
There, dawn is breaking
on top of the headland back there.
Keep on chasing the western horizon.
Keep being chased, oh sunset!

I ararā tini, i ararā tini!
I ara ri!
So many, so many!
That's the last one!

Mata tērā   Polynesian navigators departing from an island took a back-bearing to the top (runga) of the headland (mata) back there (tērā) where they embarked, so this phrase probably started as a sailing instruction "i runga o mata tērā" for a waka voyage with a pre-dawn departure. A Takitimu ancestor is said to have migrated from "Matatera" on "Iva" to Tahiti, to Rarotonga (JPS). But a search of the world atlas finds no such place except a headland in New Zealand 10 km behind Turakina. In some performances of this haka, the word Matatera is replaced by Hikurangi.

- the sunset  Sailing from Rarotonga to New Zealand in early summer, the Takitimu would have pointed west-souwest, the direction of the setting sun.


E kō; tēnā, tēnā!
E kō; tēnā, tēnā!
E whara wai ia kō w
ā! 
   whara wai ia kō wā
!
Hei kotī, hei kotī, hei kotī!

Ko re-rere! Tō rere!


Dig; that's it!
Dig; that's it!
Strike water every digging beat
Strike water every digging beat
Make it flow, flow, flow along!

Flowing! More like flying!

E whara wai ia kō wā - Written versions give these kupu and translations.
E hara (sic) ko te wai o taku hoe, That was not the water from my paddle. (1930)
Ehara ko te wai o to waho, It's not like foam from your mouth. (1943)

Ko re-rere! Tō rere! Te rere i te waka! Written versions give these kupu and translations.
E ka rere te rere i te waka! How the canoe flies! (1930)
Ka rere! I ka rere! Te rere i te waka, So my canoe rushes along, swiftly, so smoothly. (1943)

Te rere i te waka,
E kutangitangi, e kutangitangi;
E kura t
ī waka t
āua,
E kura t
ī waka t
āua!
E kura wawawa wai,
E kura wawawa wai-i-i!

The waka is in flight
We're really howling along, really zinging!
Our wakas resemble
speeding godwits
Our wakas are like
ocean-crossing godwits
Godwits scattering
across the water
Godwits scattering across the water

     Tuku 
E Kō kōmako! Kō kōmako!
Ko te hau tapu e rite
ki te kai na Matariki.
Tapareireia koi tapa!
Tapa konunua koiana tukua!
I aue hi!

    Winding down
The bellbird sings! The bellbird sings
The sacred wind blows gently
Like the food at New Year.
Saturated indeed is the valley!
From the deep cleft the rod is withdrawn.
Yes!

E kō kōmako
- these last six lines are from the end of Rūaumoko, an ancient haka that uses sexual metaphor to express the quiet bliss experienced after exerting oneselves totally.


In this 1977 performance, the Mangatū Haka Club use all the words printed above.


Sources

The Maori: Yesterday and To-day, 1930, The Chant of Takitimu
Opening of Turongo House, 1938, Sir Apirana Ngata
Ngarimu VC investiture 1943, Kura Tiwaka Taua
Gisborne Māori Competitions, 1977, Mangatū Haka Club
Nga Iwi o Tainui, 1995, Pei Te Hurinui Jones

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Published on NZFS website June 2020